4ms Dual EnvVCA

MUSICAL FEATURES

The Dual EnvVCA is an analog function generator with a built-in low-noise exponential VCA that can be patched to function as an LFO, slew limiter, VCA, envelope generator, trigger delay, quirky filter, or oscillator.

Dual EnvVCA adds some functions to EnvVCA and makes it 2 channels, allowing flexible processing of stereo signals.

• Versatile linear envelope generator/LFO
• Low noise, low distortion, DC-coupled exponential VCA
• Full analog
• Sliders and range switches control Rise and Fall times from approximately 1.25ms (800Hz) to over 2 minutes
• Extends the time range from about 125 µs (8 kHz) to about 10 minutesTime CVジ ャ ッ ク
• RisewithFallEquipped with a dedicated Athenuverter for each time
• Blue/red LED to indicate signal strength and polarity
• CycleLoop Envelope with button (LFO)
• Activate Envelope single-shottriggerinput jack
• Toggle the loop state of both channelsCyclegate input jack
• Can be used for chaining or continuous eventsEOR/Fgate output jack
• without changing the volume of the VCAEnv Outcan be scaled/shiftedEnv LevelwithOffsetControl
• for passing audio/CV to VCAAudio InwithOctジ ャ ッ ク
• VCA CVEach VCA can be used independently of the envelope using the inputs
• VCA CV
• VCA gain is internally routed to the envelope output if there is no patch on the
• Achieve slew limiting, sustain (ASR), and unique filter effectsFollowinput jack
• Re-trig jumper setting allows re-trigger during ascending phase

HOW TO USE

Controls and input/output jacks

Cycle Button and Cycle Jack

CycleYou can switch the cycle state of each channel by pressing the button.When cycling, the EnvVCA behaves like an LFO whose output waveform rises and falls continuously.Each button illuminates orange to indicate the module is in cycle mode.Note that envelopes that are already rising or falling will not be reset or changed by this button operation.

The Cycle jack switches the cycle state for both channels. When this button is off, the gate signal sets the button to on, keeping the channel in cycle state as long as the gate remains high. When this button is on, the gate signal sets the button to off, stopping all cycling as long as the gate remains high.

Rise/Fall slider

RisewithFallsliders control the rise and fall times of the envelope.Moving the slider up slows down the ascent and descent parts, moving it down speeds them up.Each slider features a white LED that indicates the current stage of the envelope and output voltage.When the envelope is in the ascending stage, until the envelope reaches its maximum valueRiseThe LED on the slider will increase the brightness.Upon reaching the peak,Rise lights offFallLED lights up and dims as the envelope descends.

Rise/Fall switch

Rise/FallA switch lets you select the overall range for each slider.There is a switch for each slider,Fast, Med, SlowYou can choose from three settings.the switchFastIn position, the envelope can operate at audio rates, making it useful for classic AM, FM and other fast modulation effects.central positionWithis designed to be used at typical musical velocities, and is useful for creating notes with common BPMs using VCAs. SlowThe setting is designed for slow modulations such as slow LFOs.

Time CV jack and Rise/Fall CV knob

Time CVJack modulates the rise and fall times of the envelope.The signal to this jack isRisewithFall, through two knobs.These two knobs are Athenuverters,Time CVControls how much the control voltage to the jack affects the rise or fall time.Turning the Athenuverter Knob from the center to the right willTime CVA positive voltage on the jack lengthens the rise/fall times, a negative voltage shortens them.Turning the knob to the left of center will have the opposite effect,Time CVA positive voltage to the jack shortens the rise/fall times and a negative voltage lengthens them.In either direction, the farther the knob value is from the center position, the stronger the effect of the incoming CV.When the knob is set to the middle position,Time CVA signal to the jack has no effect on the rise/fall parameters.Next to each knob is an LED that indicates the intensity and polarity of the modulation. It will turn blue if the rise or fall time is extended by the CV, and red if the time is shortened.The brighter these lights, the stronger the CV effect. When the LED turns off, the envelope timeTime CVIndicates that it is not affected by Jack.If this jack is unpatched, these two Athenuverter knobs areRisewithFall Acts as a control to tweak parameters.

Env Out jack and OR jack, LED

Env Out AwithBThe jacks output the envelope for each corresponding channel.The envelope DC offset and vertical scale for each channel areLevelwithOffsetdetermined by each knob in theORJack has twoEnv Outsignals and always outputs the highest voltage value between the two.LEDs near each jack indicate the strength and polarity of each envelope.The corresponding LED glows blue when the envelope is between 2V and 0V, and red when the envelope is between -10V and 10V.The brightness of each LED represents the amplitude of the output signal, so when they are off, it means the output signal is near 0V.

Level and Offset knobs

LevelEach knobEnv OutAttenuates and inverts the envelope output of the jack.Offsetis at the center position,Levelsetting to its maximum value will output a positive envelope with a maximum peak of about 10V. Moving the Level knob to the left of its center value inverts the envelope, with an output peak of -10V at maximum counterclockwise. OffsetTurning the knob clockwise from the center position adds a positive offset to the envelope of 0V to 10V, and turning it counter-clockwise adds a negative offset of 0V to -10V.note that,LevelwithOffsetNeither control has any effect on the envelope that is connected to the internal VCA.For example, with audio passing through a VCAEnv OutIf there is a patch from the jack to the modulation input of an external module,LevelwithOffsetallows you to control the amount of modulation without changing the audio level.

EOR and EOF output jacks

EORThe End of Rise jack is a channel A dedicated output that outputs a gate signal when the rise stage ends and the fall stage begins.This signal remains high during the envelope falling period and returns low when the envelope is complete.If Envelope is not working,EORThe output stays low.accompanyEOR LEDsilluminates when the output is in the high state.EOFJack (End of Fall) is a channel B dedicated output that outputs a gate signal that goes high at the end of the fall stage and stays high until the envelope begins to rise.This means that the gate signal on this jack is low only during the rising stage.accompanyEOF LEDilluminates orange when the output is in the high state.

Audio In/Audio Out and VCA CV jacks

Audio InwithOctJacks are the inputs and outputs of the VCA.VCA CVThe input is internally routed to the envelope output before passing through Level and Offset.If the envelope is stopped or at 0V,OctA jack does not generate a signal.As the envelope rises, the output signal increases until the input signal peaks in the envelope and tapers off toward silence as the envelope falls.Audio In Bis, as the panel labels indicate,Audio In Ais internally wired totherefore,Audio In BIf there is no patch inAudio In Asignal is sent to both channels.Audio In BThis connection is broken by patching to , allowing both channels to operate independently.VCA CVPatching a signal to the input breaks the internal connection between the VCA and the envelope, allowing the VCA to be used independently.VCA CVhas an input range of 0V to 5V, corresponding to about -90dB (silent) to 0dB (unity gain).

Trigger jack

eachtriggerJack activates the envelope by receiving a minimum 2V trigger.A single trigger signal creates a complete envelope if there is no envelope already in progress.If the envelope is rising when the trigger is received, the trigger signal will be ignored (RETRIG(unless jumpers are installed).If the envelope is falling when the trigger is received, the envelope will rise from the current voltage.On the back of the module, each channel hasRETRIGI have a jumper.With this jumper installed, the envelope will instantly return to 0V and start rising whenever a trigger is received.The jumper is not factory installed as this setting produces a click on the VCA output.

Follow Jack

FollowThe jack is both the input for the slew limiter and allows for complex envelope creation, quirky audio filtering, or use as an envelope follower.Whenever the built-in envelope is not being triggered or cycled,FollowThe envelope output rises or falls to match the voltage level to the input.However, the rise and fall times areRise/Fallis limited to each slider and amount of CV.So the envelope output isFollowIt tries to "follow" the signal present at the jack, but it can only rise/fall as fast as the envelope would rise/fall if triggered. It is called 'slew limiting' because 'slew' is the rate of change.Slew limiting isFollowandtriggerBy matching the timing of the signal at the jack, you can create complex envelopes such as ASR and ADSR.

Time span of Rise and Fall

Note that each switch setting has some effect on the operating range that can be obtained using CV.It was intentionally designed to allow full range control by an external module.

In addition, this unit is a completely analog module, and due to its nature, the maximum and minimum values ​​of Rise and Fall are slightly different for each individual.The table above shows the basic values.

Even if each slider is in the same position, the rise and fall times are not necessarily the same.Setting them exactly the same usually requires manual adjustment. If you apply CV to create a significantly slower envelope, such as over 10 minutes, the fall time can be much slower than the rise time.Basically, the ascent time is limited to about 5 minutes, but the descent time can be set up to 20 minutes, or up to 60 minutes depending on the individual.

Creating an envelope

Dual Env VCATo create an envelope withtriggerJack,Cyclebutton,Cyclejack, orFollowThere are four ways to use Jack.

The Trigger jack initiates the envelope generation when a trigger signal is input. This jack responds only to rising edges, i.e., when the voltage rises above 2V. Fig. 1 shows how the same envelope is generated regardless of the input pulse width, indicating that pulse width and falling edges are ignored.

Trigger with RETRIG jumper OFF (default)
A trigger entered while the envelope is already risingRETRIGDisabled unless a jumper is installed.If the envelope is falling when the trigger is received, the envelope will rise from the current voltage. Fig. 2 shows this, with the 5th and 7th triggers occurring during the envelope's descent to initiate a rise mid-descent.Other triggers are either invalid because the envelope is rising or starting anew because the envelope is not active.

Trigger with RETRIG jumper ON
Fig.3 isRETRIGThis shows the change in operation due to the jumper.If a jumper is installed, the incoming trigger will always reset to 0V and start rising regardless of the stage of the envelope in action.This sharp transition to 0V causes clicks when used in audio, so no jumper is installed by default.

Cycle Button/Jack
CycleA button is a simple way to activate the envelope.When this button is ON, the envelope repeats the cycle.The button is latching, so once you press it, the module will continue to output the envelope until you press it again.again when the envelope is runningCyclePressing the button will not stop the envelope immediately, it will complete the descent stage in motion before stopping.

The Cycle jack switches the cycle state of both channels when a gate signal is received, and is used in conjunction with the Cycle button. When a gate signal is sent to the jack while the channel button is OFF, the cycle is turned ON. Similarly, when a gate signal is sent to the jack while the button is ON, the cycle is turned OFF. The Cycle button lights up when the envelope enters a cycle state due to the combination of the button and the jack.

Fig. 4 shows that the Cycle button is initially OFF, and the envelope cycles only when the incoming gate to the Cycle jack is high. In this case, the number of cycles output by the module increases as the pulse width of the gate signal increases.

Fig. 5 shows the opposite state, where the Cycle button is initially ON. In this case, the envelope cycle is paused while the incoming gate signal is high. As the pulse width of the gate signal increases, the pause period between envelope groups also increases.

Also, note that the first pulse in Fig. 5 does not stop the envelope, and the triple pulse in Fig. 4 only activates one envelope. This demonstrates an important aspect of Dua EnvVCA : the state of the Cycle jack and button only affects the envelope when it is stopped (0V) . An operating envelope is unaffected by any combination of gate signals and button operations, and cycling via the Cycle jack or button is only possible after the envelope has finished .

Use Follow Jacks and Gates
Fig.6 isFollowIt shows the usage of gates in Jack.The envelope rises while the gate signal is high, and falls when the gate goes low.

Fig. 6 shows that when the fourth gate is held when the envelope reaches its maximum value, the envelope is also held until the gate is released. This is one simple way to create an ASR envelope (Attack Sustain Release).

The following short burst of multiple pulses demonstrates how to create complex envelope shapes using only Follow jacks and consecutive gates.

Furthermore, the Follow jack can be used with signals other than gate signals, as described in the next section.

Follow Jack Basics

The Follow jack raises/lowers the envelope to follow the input signal. Sending a high voltage (5V) to the jack raises the envelope, and sending a low voltage (0V) lowers it. This can be seen in Fig. 6 in the previous section on creating envelopes . More complex effects can be achieved by inputting voltages in the 0V to 5V range, such as an LFO or audio signal.

Below are two basic rules for understanding this Jack.

• Rule 1: If the voltage to the Follow jack is higher than the envelope voltage, the envelope will rise, and if the voltage to the Follow jack is lower than the envelope voltage, the envelope will fall.

In short, the envelope will always try to capture the signal from the Follow jack, rising if the Follow signal is higher than its own, and falling if the Follow signal is lower than its own. This is why the term 'follow' is used.

• Rule 2: The envelope isRise/FallIt can only ascend/descend at the speed set by the control and CV.

This means that if the voltage value of the Follow jack suddenly increases (for example, when a gate signal is input), the envelope will attempt to follow and rise, but only at a rate permitted by the control. Because the rate of change, or slew, is limited, the Follow circuit is called a "slew limiter".

Note that in Rule 1, the term 'envelope voltage' refers to the internal envelope voltage before it is sent to the output driver of the Level and Offset knobs and the Env Out jack. The amplitude of the internal envelope is a maximum of 5V and a minimum of 0V, which is why the Follow jack only responds to voltages from 0V to 5V. The output driver of the Env Out jack doubles the internal voltage, so the 5V internal envelope becomes an envelope of approximately 10V at the output jack.

With these two basic rules in mind, the following sections will introduce advanced uses of Follow Jack.

Sidechain (Envelope Following)
FollowJacks can be used to create an envelope that follows the envelope of the audio signal.By inverting this envelope and using it to control a VCA, you can get the effect of 'ducking' other sounds.This technology is called 'sidechain'.

A typical use case is ducking other sound sources, such as a background drone, using a kick drum. Patch the kick drum sound source to the Follow jack on channel B and make sure Cycle is 'off'. Start with the switch set to ' Med ', the Rise slider all the way down, and the Fall slider in the middle position. When you increase the Level , an envelope that roughly follows the kick drum's envelope will be output from Env Out B. By adjusting Rise and Fall , you can control the attack and release times of the envelope, that is, the speed at which the envelope responds to the kick drum's attack and release, respectively.

In this example, we need to invert the envelope, so we turn the Level counterclockwise all the way down and set the Offset to a value of about 2:00. This will output an inverted envelope that ducks when the kick drum plays, with Env Out B remaining at approximately 5V. Patch this inverted envelope to the VCA CV jack on channel A. Connect the audio you want to duck, such as a drone sound, to the Audio In on channel A and monitor the Audio Out . You should be able to confirm that the volume of the drone decreases when the kick drum plays. You can hear the drone and kick drum simultaneously to confirm the full effect.

By adjusting the Rise and Fall sliders on channel B , you can control how quickly the envelope responds. If the sliders are set too fast, the envelope will trace individual peaks of the sound waveform rather than the entire envelope, resulting in a fine AM-like effect. If the sliders are set too slow, the volume change when the kick drum is played will be less pronounced.

Additionally, you can control the dynamic range of the ducking by adjusting the Offset and Level knobs on channel B. To reduce the amount of ducking, move the Level knob towards the center to decrease the envelope amplitude. Conversely, if the kick drum sounds too quiet, setting the Level knob to an extreme counterclockwise position will generate an envelope with sufficient amplitude to achieve the desired ducking effect. The Offset should generally be set between 1:00 and 3:00. If it's too low, the output will be too quiet, and if it's too high, the output will be at maximum volume with almost no ducking.

audio filter
FollowThe jack can also be used as a quirky low pass filter with its slew limiting properties.First, adjust the audio signal to be used so that it is within the range of 0V to 5V.Typically, a level shifter is used to add the necessary DC offset and an attenuator or similar to attenuate the audio so that it does not exceed 5V.Any signal outside this range will be clipped, resulting in severe distortion.

Patch this adjusted audio to the Follow jack and patch the Env Out jack to any mixer or amplifier. Set the Level to maximum and the Offset to the middle position. Start by setting the Rise/Fall slider and switch to the fastest position. Send a constant positive voltage to the Time CV jack and set the Rise CV and Fall CV knobs to minimum. At this point, you should hear an audio signal that is close to the original signal. By adjusting the Rise/Fall CV knobs and sliders, or by adjusting the CV patched to the Time CV jack to slow down the Rise and Fall times, you will limit the passthrough, preventing high frequencies from passing through and adding a filtering effect to the audio. To create a more quirky sound, try adjusting only either the Rise or Fall. This will change how the rising and falling parts of high frequencies pass through, creating unique harmonics.

wave shaper
Limiting the slew allows smooth transitions in waveforms with sharp transitions.for example,FollowIf a square wave is input to the jack,Env OutJacks produce waveforms that look like trapezoids or triangles.Rise/FallBy adjusting the sliders and switches, you can obtain an output waveform with maximum amplitude while maintaining the desired amount of wave shaping.These controls will need to be adjusted again if the frequency of the waveform changes.Time CVwith JackRise/Fall CVBy tracking the frequency with the knob, you can create a variable frequency waveshaper with some consistency.

Portamento/Glide
The output of a CV/GATE keyboard or sequencer is primarily a 'step' shaped waveform that changes from one voltage value to the next each time a note is played.The result of patching this voltage to a VCO is a sequence of notes that change from one note to the next.Creates a 'glide' from one note to the next by adding the right amount of slew to the notes.This effect is known as 'portamento' or 'glissando'.Dual Env VCALet's take this stepped waveform asFollowpatch the jack,Env OutYou can do this effect by taking the output from the jack.The amount of glide effect is controlled by the Rise and Fall times. When patching to the pitch input of the VCO,LevelwithOffsetYou can adjust the tuning with each knob on the .note that,Dual Env VCAis not a module designed for precise portamento effects, so accurate tuning over a wide range is not guaranteed.

Creating ASR/ADSR Envelopes

ASR Envelope
The ASR envelope is a trapezoidal envelope with an ascending slope (Attack), a flat high holding portion (Sustain), and a descending slope (Release).The length of this sustain stage varies with the length of the high state of the input gate, as shown in Figure 7.this istriggerpatch to jackCycleGenerate a triangular envelope using a buttonARThis is in contrast to the (Attack-Release) Envelope.

You can use one channel of the Dual EnvVCA to generate a variable-width square wave and the other to create an ASR envelope. Turn on Cycle on channel B to cycle it, and patch the EOF output to the Follow and Trigger jacks of channel A using multiple or stacked cables. Patch your audio source to the Audio In jack and monitor the Audio Out jack.

Ensure that Cycle on Channel A is off, and set all four Rise/Fall switches to 'Med'. Adjust each slider so that the sliders on Channel A are lower (faster) than those on Channel B. You can control the overall tempo by adjusting the Rise and Fall on Channel B, and the length of the sustain stage with the Rise slider alone. Alternatively, you can use a keyboard instead of the EOF jack on Channel B. Patch the keyboard's gate output to the Trigger and Follow jacks on Channel A, respectively. Playing keys quickly will produce staccato, while holding down keys will produce longer notes. Note that the minimum note length (shortest value) is always determined by the Rise and Fall parameters on Channel A, regardless of the input gate length. In addition to the EOF jack and keyboard, you can also use the gate output of a sequencer with gate length (pulse width) control. By setting a longer gate length for specific notes, you can emphasize/accent them within the sequence. If your sequencer does not have pulse width control, patch the Trigger jack on channel B and turn off the Cycle button.

This patch changes the gate signal totriggerwithFollowworks by patching both jacks.triggerThe jack ensures that the full envelope is output even with extremely short gate widths,FollowJack generates sustain.gate signaltriggerIf you patch just the jack, you won't get any sustain as the envelope will start falling when it reaches its peak.FollowThe sustain portion of the envelope is created by holding the envelope high while the gate to the jack is high.ConverselyFollowIf patched to the jack only, a short gate input will create a perfect envelope only if the Rise parameter is very fast. A gate shorter than the Rise time will result in a non-peaking envelope as shown in Fig. 6 in the previous section.the gatetriggerwithFollowBy patching both jacks, you can get a perfect envelope regardless of the settings, as shown in Fig.7.Notice how the width of the pulse relates to the sustain of the envelope output. You can see that the width of the first pulse is shorter than the time it takes for the envelope to rise, not enough to produce sustain.

ADSR Envelope
ADSR is a 4 stage envelope with an added 'decay' stage after the attack stage. After peaking, the ADSR envelope decays to a sustain level below the peak level. Figure 8 shows that this sustain level and the rate at which the envelope decays can be controlled.

Dual EnvVCA allows you to generate an ADSR envelope by sending a gate signal to the Follow jack. It's best to generate the gate using an external module such as a keyboard or sequencer that allows for pulse width control. This pulse width determines the length of the sustain. In other words, the ADSR envelope executes the attack and decay segments, holding the sustain level until the gate goes low. At that point, the release segment is executed.

Patch the gate signal to the Trigger jack on channel A and the Follow jack on channel B using multiple or stacked cables ( the Time CV is also patched in the image above, but you can ignore that at this point). Patch Env Out B to the Follow jack on channel A. Turn off the Cycle buttons on both channels. The ADSR envelope will output from the Env Out jack on channel A. Use the Audio In/Out jacks on channel A to use audio .

Switch channel A toWithand set the two sliders toNearly.2 or 3 ticks higher thanRiseis the attack time,Fallcontrol both the release and decay times respectively.Channel B is basicallyEnv OutConfigured as a follower with fast Rise/Fall times to pass input gates from Jack.The amplitude of the gate output isLevelYou can control it with a knob.This variable amplitude gate is then placed on channel A.Followsend toThis amplitude sets the sustain level, as explained below.note that,LevelThe knobs are sensitive, so this patch will only work at settings between 12:00 and 3:00.

Sending a gate generates an envelope as shown in Fig. 8. This gate is patched to the Trigger jack, so the rising edge of the gate triggers channel A. This causes the envelope to rise to its peak and begin its descent into the decay stage. Once it reaches the level of the Follow jack on channel A, it is held for the duration of the sustain segment. The Level knob on channel B controls the sustain level, as the Level jack level is controlled by the Level knob on channel B. When the gate on the Follow jack goes low, the envelope returns to zero during the release stage at a rate defined by the Fall slider and switch on channel A.

At this point, you can control the attack or rise speed ( Rise slider/switch), sustain length (gate pulse width), and sustain level ( Level knob ). However, the decay and release times are always determined by the values ​​set by the Fall slider/switch.

To make this a true ADSR envelope, patch a cable branched from the gate output of your keyboard or sequencer (using a multiple or similar method) to the Time CV input. Ensure that the keyboard or sequencer's gate output remains connected to Channel A's Trigger and Channel B's Follow . This allows you to set the decay time relative to the release time using the Fall CV knob. Turning it to the left of the center makes the decay time faster than the release time, and turning it to the right does the opposite. This is because the decay stage occurs when the gate is high, and the release stage occurs when the gate is low. Since the gate is patched to the Time CV jack, the Fall CV knob's position only affects the decay stage (when the gate is high). Adjusting the Fall slider or switch will change both the decay and release times.

To create a non-classic envelope shape, set the switch on channel B to Med and adjust the Rise and Fall times using each slider.

Offset and Level knobs

The Level and Offset knobs control the amplitude and DC level of the output signal from the Env Out jack, respectively. These do not affect the VCA or audio signal unless the Env Out is patched to the VCA CV. Because they are independent of the VCA, you can modulate anything with the Env Out and control this modulation using Level and Offset without interfering with the VCA.

The Level knob controls the amplitude of the envelope. When the knob is in the center position, there is no envelope output. Turning the knob to the right of the center produces the most common envelope setting result, where the envelope voltage rises and falls. Turning the knob to the left of the center reverses the envelope, causing it to rise and fall. In either direction, the amplitude increases as the knob value moves away from the center, with a maximum value of approximately 10V.

The Offset knob shifts the envelope output up or down. When the knob is in the center position, the envelope is stationary at 0V and rises from there to the voltage value set by the Level knob (e.g., +10V or -10V). Turning the Offset knob to the left of the center position will station the envelope at the negative voltage. The maximum point of stationary counterclockwise is -10V. Conversely, turning it to the right of the center position will station the envelope at the positive voltage with a maximum of +10V.

The Env Out jack clips at approximately -10V and +10V. You can easily achieve clipping by setting the Level and Offset to extreme values, resulting in a stable output of either -10V or +10V (which is usually not very interesting in a patch). If you're unsure how to set the Level and Offset, a good starting point is to set the Offset to the middle position and the Level to around 3:00 or higher.

RETRIG jumper

on the back of the moduleRETRIGThe jumper is already triggered when the envelope is in motion.Dual Env VCAchange the behavior ofThe jumper is not installed at the factory and in this state any trigger received while the envelope is rising will be ignored, and if triggered while the envelope is falling it will rise again from the current voltage.
If jumpers are installed,Dual Env VCAwill restart the envelope as soon as a trigger is received, regardless of whether the envelope is rising or falling.In this case the envelope immediately drops to 0V and then rises.This sharp transition to 0V will produce a click when used with an audio VCA section.

VCA minimum gain trim

On the back of the module is a trimpot that adjusts the minimum VCA gain.This is normally set to prevent audio leakage when the envelope is not running, but if you set the minimum gain value too low,Dual Env VCAwill cause the gaps between notes to grow as they cycle.This means that the time between peaks in the envelope increases and the sound becomes inaudible or almost inaudible.

With the trimpot set to its fully counter-clockwise minimum, the VCA attenuation is -90dB when the envelope is not cycling.This is the maximum amount of silence between notes during the cycle, and the minimum amount of leakage.The default mid-position setting has an attenuation of -80dB.In this case, the silence between cycles of the envelope will be short and the leakage will be small.With the trimpot set to its maximum clockwise value, the attenuation at envelope stop is -30dB.This setting is useful when you want less silence between cycles, or when you don't mind a little audio leakage when not cycling.